In our planet, every minute of every day have a child die of AIDS, more than 15 million children orphaned because of AIDS, AIDS has become a threat to human health, public enemy number one. China's HIV-infected people are 40 percent to an annual rate of increase. Laishixiongxiong the face of the HIV devil, in the face of HIV lead to a result of a tragedy, the people of the world are in a different way, have to do together in the fight against HIV.
December 1, 2006 is the first 19 World AIDS Day. According to reports, also in the eve of World AIDS Day, November 30, a hospital in Guangzhou City, the temporary production house, a 25-year-old AIDS patient caesarean section to a baby boy of 3.25 kilograms. Fortunately, this baby was not infected with HIV testing, this is the first of 15 cases in Guangzhou City of HIV mother successful delivery and no cases of infection. Currently, the drug blocked, the HIV risk of mother to child transmission can be reduced to two percent.
Below, we have to listen to experts on AIDS devil is how to fight the »
AIDS is called human immunodeficiency virus, that is, we often say that the AIDS virus infection caused by chronic infectious diseases. HIV exists in the HIV infection, the patient's blood, semen of men and women's vaginal secretions and other body fluids, the general process are infected with AIDS virus came into contact with blood or other body fluids, the AIDS virus into human health The body caused by infection.
Q: Well, HIV routes of transmission have what it »
A: Generally speaking, the day-to-day life work, with HIV infection or AIDS patients access will not be borne on AIDS, found that the route of transmission of HIV only three:
The most common blood-borne intravenous drug users is sharing syringes, there is the use of HIV contaminated blood or blood products, or accept from the infected organ transplants, and, not through strict disinfection of medical, dental or Beauty apparatus, or sharing razors and toothbrushes also have the possibility of transmission of HIV.
Refers to sexual transmission of HIV infection and unprotected sex, through body fluids caused by the spread of HIV infection was.
Mother to child transmission, also known as vertical transmission of HIV infection by the mother during pregnancy, breast-feeding or the production processes of transmitting the virus from their children. In the course of mother to child transmission of the three links are particularly important if we are in these three areas of intervention to take certain measures, it is possible to avoid HIV AIDS mother to child transmission of the virus on.
These three areas are:
Intrauterine transmission in HIV-infected pregnant women in the course of pregnancy through the placenta to AIDS viruses to the fetus, causing intrauterine transmission, HIV infection can be directly or through chorionic damaged cells into the fetal circulation gap.
Dissemination of pregnant women during childbirth in the process of production, as newborns exposed to HIV mothers blood or body fluids of HIV, the newly born babies in childbirth in the process of being infected with HIV. This mother - micro-fetal transmission cycle of bloody, particularly in the contractions was increased risk of infection. Fetal damaged skin or mucous membrane direct contact with the mother wound in the blood, secretions, production was infected.
As HIV transmission during breast-feeding mother's milk also may contain HIV, so in the process of post-natal breast-feeding can also direct transmission of HIV to the baby.
If not interfere, then the above three risk of mother to child transmission of about 15% to 25%. Maternal and child vertical transmission of the infection rate of about 2 / 3 of the mother is in pregnancy, childbirth course of infection, 1 / 3 in breast-feeding infected.
Q: At present, the use of mother to child transmission of specific measures for what it »
A: According to the above mother to child transmission of HIV to the three links, has worked out a set of drugs to block the Centre for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in the comprehensive measures, including specific anti-retroviral treatment , obstetric Three intervention and post-natal intervention measures. As the study found that when pregnant women during pregnancy in viral load is not as low as measured by the level, the vertical transmission of HIV incidence rate is very low, so anti-virus treatment is the ideal state control the amount of virus can not reach the level of measurement.
At present, China's maternal and child block commonly used in the drugs Zidovudine啶, Lami Fu啶and equality drug nevirapine. No later than 36 weeks of pregnancy should begin when the drug treatment intervention, the baby after birth can be given to treatment of nevirapine syrup. Blocking drug treatment should be under the guidance of professional doctors, strict grasp of the beginning of time and dose of drug use, especially anti-HIV drugs have many side effects. Therefore, HIV-positive pregnant women anti-virus treatment, we must also consider to reduce the risk of mother to child transmission and the balance of antiviral drugs to pregnant women, fetal and neonatal effects.
Q: In addition to drug therapy, we must pay attention to what it »
A: To the greatest degree of mother to child transmission of HIV to reduce the risk, should also pay attention to: If avoid pregnancy, the yield between traumatic examination, obstetric operation, such as amniotic fluid puncture operation, fetal examination, the infant scalp electrode, perineum Of lateral, forceps or attract with midwifery, these operators may increase fetal exposure to HIV-infected pregnant women the risk of blood, increasing possibility of infection. If the conditions as much as possible choice of Caesarean section delivery. Europe to a study, elective caesarean section for the baby than vaginal delivery of a significant protective effect, the spread rate of 1.8% and 10.5%. Research shows that in the former labor or premature rupture of membranes before the trip elective Cesarean section compared with other delivery methods, the perinatal HIV infection rate decreased 55 percent to 80 percent. If there are no conditions for the implementation of Caesarean section and vaginal delivery for HIV-infected pregnant women, unless there are essential obstetric indications, or avoid the use of invasive operation. If a premature rupture of membranes or labor early in fetal membranes rupture, should be actively processing, shorten labor.
In post-natal HIV transmission through breastfeeding is the main way. Therefore, in order to mothers infected with HIV counselling, infant feeding options and the implementation plan, the prevention of breast milk transmission of HIV interventions and family planning services is very necessary. Artificial feeding is the safest feeding. If the individual in poverty-stricken areas of artificial feeding can not afford the full circumstances, a study shows that breast-feeding simply add other than breast-feeding more mixed food security, because there are other possible causes of infant food oral mucosa of the injury, but to promote AIDS The spread of the virus.
After the baby was born, in addition to HIV mothers can not breast-feeding to their children, there are careful not to chew the food feeding the children, because if the mother has Pokui the population, with the AIDS virus through blood into the chewing of food in children. Because HIV is not through casual contact each other-ran, so in other aspects of daily life do not need to pay special attention to the protective measures.
Q: So, how can we know that HIV mothers of newborns born to HIV infection has been whether it »
A: To know that HIV produced by the mother of the newborn was infected with HIV, we must take anti-HIV-1 antibody screening and diagnosis of detection. Infants born to HIV-positive pregnant women after birth nine months to do screening test. Screening test positive but asymptomatic, to 18 months, again, should the symptoms and treatment to prevent complications.
Q: Once found that newborns infected with HIV how to do »
A: HIV virus mainly attacks the target cells is CD4 + T lymphocytes, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency disease. EPI vaccination of infants born to HIV mothers to prevent infectious diseases equally important. Therefore, HIV infected children with normal children should be completed as planned immunization program, scheduled to complete DTP triple vaccine, polio and measles vaccination candy. In addition to BCG, other immune vaccination programmes carried out according to conventional. In addition, HIV infected children should also be Haemophilus influenza vaccination of vaccines, 2-year-old should be vaccinated Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine.
Highlights: HIV-infected babies can not be vaccinated BCG. This is because the BCG is a viable attenuated vaccines, aimed to prevent the occurrence of tuberculosis. General TB cases in more countries, that has not been in the neonatal infection BCG vaccination in order to generate the resistance of tuberculosis. HIV-infected babies due to decreased immunity, this may be beyond the control of the attenuated viable in the body of reproduction, resulting in infant infection.
In short, each of the prenatal routine testing of pregnant women in the project will include anti-HIV antibody screening this one. If it is found that the HIV infection in pregnant women, the choice of prenatal drug treatment + blocking the right mode of delivery + artificial feeding will enable the mother to child transmission of HIV risk to 1% to 2%, or even lower.
